August 5, 2009


INDIAN NATIONAL SOCIETY

“One who knows History, will work for bringing about Revolution in Indian National Society”.

“We must become Rulers of our own country and must rule over the Bharatvarsh”.

“Become of a Ruler of your own country and your problems will be solved”.
… Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

“If you want to destroy a Society, destroy its History

and the Society will get destroyed automatically.”
… Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

Why should one become a Ruler ? – To look-after interest of one’s Society.

To change the pattern of rule - because “Political power is the Master Key with which

you can open any lock whether it is Social, Economic, Educational or Cultural Lock.”


“How one becomes a Ruler ? – The Society which forgets its own History never becomes a Ruler because History gives an Inspiration. Inspiration creates an Awareness. Awareness generates Ideas. Ideas give rise to Power. Power builds a Strength. And by Strength One becomes a Ruler”.
Kum. Mayawati.
In order to appreciate about an uniform Indian National Society through out the Bharatvarsh including the far flung and remote areas of its Villages, every nook and corner of the country, its various Islands, landscapes, Sea and Ocean Waters, its skies, its linguistic and ethnic affinities, it is necessary to take into consideration chronology of certain historical dates and events enumerated here-in-below. Beneficiaries of the Indian Social System – a Product of Brahmanism - are 10% to 15% population of India viz. Brahmins – 3.5%, Kshatriyas – 5.5% and Vaishyas – 6% and the Victims of the Indian Social System are the intermediate castes ( viz. Shudras – 85% to 90% ) consisting of OBCs – 3742 castes, SCs – 1500 castes and STs – 1000 castes.
The side effects of the Indian Social System today – share in governance, etc. can be illustrated as follows:-
Share of minority 15% Share of majority 85%
66.5 in Politics 33.5
87 in Jobs 13
97 in Industries 3
78 in Education 22
94 in Land 6
It has been believed that a person born in an economically poor family is a ‘”sinner” because of his fate incurred by him in his previous birth and according to Hindu philosophy, a sinner must be punished by murdering him or crushing and/or financially strangulating him further in his or her present life. When India achieved political freedom from British Parliament which is legally omnipotent, in the sense that it can make and unmake any law on any subject under the sun. A question therefore arises whether the British Parliament can still unmake the Indian Independence Act, of 1947 passed by it, if needed on a later date ?. Equal economic freedom, in a way, is yet to be achieved amongst all citizens of India, so also social freedom. When India became a sovereign country in the year 1947, there were 545 princely states/kingdoms in India and that may be the reason for the number of Members of Indian Parliament including two Anglo Indians ( i. e. from European Union) has been fixed in the Indian Constitution. At the time, there were various Religions (Dharmas - Hindu Philosophy, Christianity or Christian Religion, Islam or Mohamedan Religion, Parsi or Zoroastrian etc,) Cultures (Samskriti, for example – Sindhu Culture, Dravid Culture, Godi culture, and so on ) and Civilization (Samskar – relating to material good ) were flourishing in India.
According to Alexander Pope, “IGNORANCE IS PEACE”. For ordinary man, “KNOWLEDGE IS POISON”. So to catch the mouse, it is necessary to keep the food with poison in the trap. In this way, Manuwadis has been trying to catch 85% majority Bahujan Samaj population of India in their traps right from the evolution of mankind.
CHRONOLOGY OF HISTORICAL DATES AND EVENTS


About 10000 B.C.



Stone Age, when people used to live mostly in Caves and used polished tools of stones, etc. as their weapons not only for earning a livelihood but also for attacking their perceived enemies. Stone Age is divided into two Ages, viz. (1) Puranic Stone Age and (2) Modern Stone Age which is of about 7000 years old. Modern stone age usage is an improvement over the puranic stone age inasmuch as in modern stone age, people used improved tools as compared to the earlier stone age. War was not infrequent in those primitive times, and weapons of bone and wood, of stone and of metals were used. The bow and arrow, the sword and spear seem to have been the weapons of war.


7000-3300 B.C
Chera Kings ruled Southern India. Sri Veera Raya, Kerala Chakravarthy or Chera Marven Thribhuvana Chakravarthy Kulasekhara Perumal (Mandla King) Konga Rajakkal. The Konga and the Chera are not one, has been maintained by Revd. Mr. Taylor in his Addendum to the translation of the Konka Desa Rajakkal. Cumber, a Tamil Poet who attached to the Court of Chola (7th Century) and who wrote ‘Cumba Ramayan’ describes Chera Kingdom which lies between Pulney, Thencasi, Calicut and the Sea extending over an area of 800 miles. The Chera, Chola, Pallava and Pandya Dynasties are the four Tamil Dynasties who ruled south India till 1500 of Christian Era.

3300-1700 B.C.
Early Pandya Kings ruled southern India including Madurai District of Tamil Nadu. The later Pandyas (1150-1350) entered their Golden Age under the Maravarman Sundara Pandyan and Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (Christian Era 1250) who expanded the Empire into Telugu country, conquered Kalinga (Orissa) and invaded and conquered Sri Lanka. Pandyan was well known since ancient period, with contacts even diplomatic reaching the Roman Empire during 1300 of the Christian Era. Marcopolo mentioned in it as the richest Kingdom in existence. They controlled the Pearl Fisheries along the South Indian Coast between Sri Lanka and India. They and Cheras, Cholas and Satiyaputras are mentioned in the “Pillars of Asoka” (inscribed 273-232 BCE) as recipients of his Buddhist proselytism. The conquest by Dharma has been won here on the borders and even 600 yojanas (5400-9600 Km.) away where the Greek King Antiochos rules, beyond there the four kings named Ptolemy, Antigonas, Magas and Alexander. Also the Pandyas along with the Cheras and the Cholas find mention as one of the three ruling Dynasties of the southern region of the then Bharatvarsha in the very ancient (Hindu) epic of the Ramayana. They are also mentioned in the Aitareya Aranyaka and the Mahabharata where they are (along with the Cheras and the Cholas) believed to have been on the side of the Pandavas in the Great War.


3000 B.C.
Egyptians claim their civilization to be older than 3000 years B.C., although there is a difference between the records of India and the records of other Nations of the world.


2400 B. C
Chinese claim their civilization to be beyond 2400 years B. C.

Vedic Period: 2000 to 1400 B. C.
Ancient History of Mankind based on an old Aryan Language preserved in India viz. “Sanskrit’, Dyaush Pita (Heavenly father) = Greek, Zeyshathf (Zeus Pater) = Latin, Jupiter = Old Norse. Tri forms one of the most brilliant Chapters in the History of the advancement of human knowledge.

2000-1400 BC
Period of Aryan Settlement in Punjab – see Hymns of Rig Veda (First Epoch) describes Aryans as Conquerors and Settlers on the banks of Indus river and its 5 branches and India beyond Sutlej was almost unknown to the Aryans. The Aryans came as a Conquering Race. Self assertion and vigor of a young national life, with a strong love of action and capacity for active enjoyments. The Aryans were separated from passive but honest, swabhiman, swalambhan and atmanirbhar Aborigines Mulniwasi sons of the soil who vainly struggled to work hard to maintain their own against invincible conquerors. They rejoiced with wealth, cattle, pasture fields. This VEDIC PERIOD was full of wars and conquests against Aborigines and the Aryan victors triumphantly boast of their conquests in their Hymns implore their gods to bestow on them wealth and new possessions and to destroy barbarians. Whatever was bright and cheerful and glorious in the aspects of Nature struck the Aryans with admiration and gladness and such manifestations of Nature were worshipped and INVOKED AS GODS. The entire body of Aryans was united and THE ONLY DISTINCTION OF CASTE THEN WAS BETWEEN THE ARYANS AND THE ABORIGINES. Even the distinctions between professions was not very marked and sturdy Lord of many acres who ploughed his fields and came to own large herds in time of peace, went out to defend his Village or plunder the aborigines in time of war and often composed spirited hymns to the martial God Indri in his hours of devotion. There were NO TEMPLES AND NO IDOLS. Chiefs of Tribes were Kings and had their priests to perform sacrifices and utter hymns for them but. The people were free, THERE WAS NO PRIESTLY CASTE AND NO ROYAL CASTE enjoying the freedom which belongs to vigorous pastoral and tribes. The widows were re-married and women had their legitimate influence in the Society in which they lived and moved.



(It is claimed in the Sanskrit Text, English Translation and Notes of “RG-Veda Samhita” by H. H. Wilson and Bhasya of Sayanacarya, and edited & revised with an exhaustive introduction and notes by Ravi Prakash Arya, K. L. Joshi, that “Rig Veda” is about 9000 years old).


1700-1300 BC
Pallava Kings ruled south India.
1400-1000 BC
Aryans crossed Indus river and poured down to Ganges valley. During this period, the people submitted themselves under the Brahmins and Kshatriyas and the Kshatriyas submitted themselves to the Brahmins. In the Gangetic valley the renowned and famous Kingdoms flourished amongst the Nations were the Kurus (Delhi), the Panchalas , the Kosalas etc. The internecine wars during Kurus and Panchalas gave birth to MAHABHARATA WAR, which is indicated of their rude, sturdy vigor, warlike jealousies, hatred which characterized the early Conquerors of the Gangetic valley. During this period, new forms Religion and Civilization from those of Vedic period were developed. The father was the protector and the nourisher of the family, the mother looked after and fed the children, the daughter milked the cattle, and relationship by marriage was recognized. Probably the primitive aborigines had already reached a higher state of civilization than promiscuous living would imply. The family and not the tribe, was the unit of society and the father was the head of the family. Every father of a family was in fact a Rishi on a small scale and worshipped his gods or remembered his ancestors in his own house in his own humble fashion and the women of the family joined in the worship and helped in the performance of the ceremonies. When one prayed for a son who will conquer enemies in war, another prayed for wealth and corn-fields and a son who will destroy his foes. Yet another prayed for wealth and gold, for horses and cows, for profuse harvests, and excellent progeny, another, with naïve simplicity, said that his cattle are his wealth and his god.

Many of the useful animals had been domesticated and brought under the service of man. The cow, the bull, the ox, the sheep, the goat, the swine, the dog, and the horse had all been domesticated. The wild bear, the wolf, the hare and the dreaded serpent were known. Similarly among birds, the goose, the duck, the cuckoo, the raven, the quail, the crane and owl were all known to the early aborigines.

Many tools used in cultivation such as the plough, the wagon, the cart, the wheel, the axle, the yoke were common at early ages. Corn was ground, prepared and cooked in various ways while the flocks of sheep and cows by which every family was surrounded afforded milk and meat. Although agriculture was largely resorted to, many patriarchs of families used also to rove about from place to place with their attendants and flocks in search of new pastures, and a fairly large portion of the early aborigines Mulniwasi sons of the soil led a nomad life. The root words Krish or Chrish used by the aborigines in early times indicate their primary occupation Krishi or cultivation. Barley, rice and wheat seem to have been the principal produce of the field and the principal articles of good. The Lord of the Field, the Lord of the Water or the shadowy Clouds instead of scorching sun were supposedly worshipped by the aborigines as their Gods. Cattle lifters, robbers and thieves from the nearby Aryan villages used to rob the wealth or harass the aboriginal races in the pursuit of their livelihood. Pieces of gold of a certain fixed value were used as money. Sacrifice of horses, bulls and rams were being made to their imaginary Gods with a view to ward off evils spells from falling upon the aborigines and their meat was eaten after the symbolic offer as oblation or sacrifice.

1400 – 1000 B. C.
Belt of Non-Aryan Tribes during EPIC PERIOD – Sacrificial rites and Legends of Brahmans. Gifted Aryan people separated by circumstances from outside world, worked out their Civilization amidst natural and climatic conditions which were peculiarly favourable. Their intellectual discoveries age after age, religious progress and developments through successive centuries, their political career as they gradually expanded over India found new KINGDOMS AND DYNASTIES, their struggles against priestly Domination, their successes and failures, their great social and religious revolutions and their far-reaching consequences.


The Aryans did not however seem to live many centuries in the soft climate of the Gangetic Valley before loosing their vigor and manliness, as they gained in learning and civilization, The Kosalas too were a polished Nation but the traditions of that Nation preserved in the Second National Epic of India “RAMAYANA” which shows more devotion to social and domestic duties, obedience to priests and regard for religious forms than the sturdy valour and the fiery jealousies of the Mahabharata.

1400 – 1000 B. C.
Religion changed its spirit. Natural Gods of Punjab scarcely commanded to Hindus of Gangetic Valley. The Hymns were still repeated but lost their meaning and sense and ceremonials and observances took the place of simple forms. The priestly class increased in number and in influence until they formed a hereditary caste of their own (Brahmins). The Brahminism was responsible for ruining of Hinduism. The Kings and Warriors of the Gangetic Valley lived in more splendid courts and had more gorgeous surroundings than, the simple Agricultural warriors of the Punjab, and soon separated themselves from the people and formed a caste of their own (Kshatriyas). The mass of the people – the Vaisyas or Visas of the Rig Veda – became more lifeless than their forefathers in the Punjab and more without a protest, the chains which the priests and warriors – the Brahmins and Kshatriyas - threw around them, and as subjection means demoralization, the people of Hindu Kingdoms never afterwards became what the people in ancient and modern Europe have striven to be, and lastly the Aborigines who were subjugated and had adopted the Aryan civilization formed the low caste of Shudras and were declared unfit to perform the Aryan Religious rites or to acquire religious knowledge. SUCH HAS BEEN THE ORIGIN OF CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA. However, it may be mentioned here that the very word ‘Varna’ which is alluded to ‘caste’ is used to simply distinguish the Aryans and Non-Aryans i.e. the Aborigines or the white and the black on racial lines. Supposing all the people living in South America, South Africa and South India being located in tropical area within a particular altitude under the scorching sun light and hence the colour of their skin is naturally black and all the people living in North America, North India and Northern hemisphere of the globe reeling under or below 40 degree centigrade and hence the colour of their skin is white, can they be treated on varna or racial lines based on black or while ? Not, at all. The very word ‘Kshatriya’ means military class is used simply as an adjective which means ‘strong’ and is applied to gods. The very word ‘Vipra’ or ‘brahmana’ in Sanskrit means ‘priestly class’ is merely used as an adjective as ‘wise’ and is applied to gods and/or to imply the ‘composers of hymns’ and nothing else. Those who suppose that hereditary caste system existed right from Vedic times will surely find it difficult or owe explanation about this inconsistency to the posterity. Similarly, if father in a family is a physician in a Dispensary, mother a Corn-grinder on stone at home and son Composes hymns, thus, engaged in different occupations as cow wanders in all directions of the field for food, can all they, the father, the mother and the son be, by any stretch of imagination, treated as being belonging to different ‘castes’. No, not at all. So, the caste as it is found in ‘Manu’ and at the present day, does not at all, form part of the Vedas and/or the man of the Vedic period. On the contrary, as already stated, every father of a family is a Brahmin or priest, and his home a temple. There is no mention of idols in the Rig Veda, none of temples or places of worship where people were to congregate. The fire whether sacred or otherwise was lighted in the house of every householder and he chanted beautiful and simple hymns which were the national property. Women assisted at these sacrifices, ordered necessary things, prepared them with pestle and mortar, extracted soma-juice, stirred it with their graceful figures and strained it through woolen strainer. Wives joined their husbands and performed sacrifices together, offered oblations together and hoped thereby to go to the conceptual heaven together. Cultured ladies like Visvavara were themselves Rishis who composed hymns and performed sacrifices like men and with simple fervency invoked god fire to regulate and keep within virtuous bounds the mutual relations of married couples. In society, relations of life were determined by the needs and requirements of individuals rather than by caste-iron rules as laid down in later days. There was no religious obligation that every girl must be married and unmarried women who remained in the homes of their fathers, naturally claimed and obtained shares of the paternal property. Careful and industrious wives superintended arrangements of the house and like the dawn roused, sent every one to his work in the morning and possessed the domestic virtues have always been noted from the earliest to the present times. Occasionally, also women who went astray of maidens who had no brothers to watch over their morals and wives who were faithless to their husbands and also wife of a ruined gambler who becomes the object of other men’s lust. Polygamy was allowed even among kings and rich people.


The Kshatriyas, during the close of the Epic Period, reacted against the Brahmins and the proud Kshatriyas at last tried to shake off the galling yoke and to prove their equality with Brahmins in learning and religious culture – wearied with the unmeaning rituals and ceremonials prescribed by priests, the Kshatriyas started new speculations and bold inquiries after the TRUTH. The effect was unavailing. The priests remained supreme. But the vigorous speculations which the Kshatriyas started form the only the redeeming portion of the inane and lifeless of literature of this period and these speculations remained as a heritage of the Nation and formed the nucleus of the Hindu Philosophical Systems and religious revolutions of the later day (UPANISHADS). The Brahmins developed the other 3 Vedas – SAMA, YAJUR and ATHARWANA containing sacrificial rites and these inane and verbose and compositions.

7th Century B. C.
World’s oldest University “Takshashila” in the North-west region of India existed, where great people like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are believed to have studied. Students at the age of 16 entered here.
6th Century B. C.
During the rule of Magadha Kingdom by Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Buddhism lived and from annals of Magadha, 35 Kings reigned between the Kuru-Panchala War (Mahabharata war ) and the time of Buddha. The founder of Buddhism lived in the sixth century B. C. Buddhism spread slowly among the poor and the lowly for it was a protest against a few privileged ones, a religion of equality of men. It spread slowly as Christianity spread in Europe in the early days – until Asoka embraced Buddhism in the 3rd Century B.C. as Constantine the Great embraced the new faith in Europe. As in the case of Christianity, so in the case of Buddhism, it fast became a national religion under imperial favour.

323-356 B.C.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT, the King of Macedonia conquered the Persian Empire and annexed it to Macedonia. He later invaded India but returned back to Macedonia.
265-338 B.C.
Mauryan EMPEROR ASOKA’S reign began with series of wars and bloodshed, culminating in the Kalinga war. He later embraced Buddhism. Lord Buddha was a Nationalist Thinker. Being the grandson of Chandragupta Mourya, he was a cruel and merciless ruler at first. He waged war on his perceived enemies on a whim and caused much suffering amongst his own people. His territory included the present day Pakistan and Afghanistan also.


THE GOLDEN PERIOD OF INDIAN HISTORY which is a period offreedom, greatness and glory. This is the period of Mourya Empire. At all other times, India suffered from defeat and darkness. But the MOURYA PERIOD was a period when Chaturvarnya was completely annihilated, when the Shudras who constituted about 85% Bahujan Samaj Lower Class population of India came to their own and became the Rulers of India over the minority 15% Upper Class people comprised of Brahmins, Kshatriyas. (See Thesis “ANNIHILATION OF CASTE” written by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar).

250-1279 B.C.
Dravidian Kings ruled south India, started from 3 century B.C. The Aryans came in contact with the old and imperfect Dravidian civilization. The more perfect Hindu civilization prevailed, and the Dravidians were Hindu-ized and founded kingdoms which became distinguished for learning and power. In the West, the Saurashtras ( i. e. 100 Kingdoms) including Guzrat and the Maharatta country received Hindu civilization from the Andhras of the Deccan, while, beyond a strip of the sea, Ceylon was discovered, and formed a great resort of Hindu traders, until Asoka the Great sent his son to that land and converted the people to Buddhism.

183 to 26 B. C.
The Sunga and Kinva Dynasties ruled Northern India. Saga Year started in Northern India.

26 B.C. to 430 A.D.



The great Andhras who founded a powerful empire in the South conquered Magadha and were masters of Northern India for four centuries and a half. At the time, the Buddhists respected Brahmins and orthodox Hindus and the two religions flourished side by side throughout Buddhist period and persecution was almost unknown.



Till about 500 A. D.
The Andhras were succeeded by the great Gupta emperors who were supreme in India till about 500 A.D. and then their power was overthrown. The Guptas were generally orthodox Hindus, but favoured Buddhism also, and made grants to Buddhist churches and monasteries.


200 to 100 B. C.
In the meantime, India was the scene of continual foreign invasions. The Greeks of Bactria, expelled by Turanian invaders, entered India and founded Kingdoms, introduced Greek civilization and knowledge.

100 to 500 A. D.
The Turanians themselves of the Yu-Chi tribe next invaded India, and gave a powerful Dynasty to Kashmira and Kanishka the Great Yu-Chi, King of Kashmira had an extensive empire, which stretched from Kabul, and Kashgar, and Yarkand to Guzrat and Agra. The Cambojians and other tribes of Kabul then poured into India and were in their turn followed by the locust-hordes of the Huns, who spread over Western India.


India had no rest from foreign invasions for 6 or 7 centuries after the time of ASOKA THE GREAT, but the invaders, as they finally settled down in India, adopted Buddhist religion, and formed a part of the people.


The Code of Manu represents Hindu thought. It was based on the ancient Dharma-Shastras or Social laws of the Philosophical period. Manu’s mixed castes are mostly Hinduised aboriginal tribes.

500 A.D. to 1194 A.D.

The fifth or last period of Hindu History is the period of Hindu revival, and covers seven centuries from 500 A. D. to 1194 A. D., the date of the Mahomedan Conquests of Northern India. Some of the subsequent invaders who invaded India are GHAZNIS, GHORIS, KHILJIS, SLAVE RULERS, TUGHLAQS, TURKS, BABAR, BAHMANI SULTANS, NADIR SHAH ABDALI, etc., the List is endless, were they all secular entities, tried to spread message of universal peace in the Sub-Continent ? No. Absolutely not.



Foreign invaders had harassed India for centuries before and at last a great avenger arose. VIKRAMADITYA THE GREAT, of Ujjayini, was the master of Northern India, he beat back the invaders known as the Sakas in the great battle of Korur, and asserted Hindu independence.

500 to 750 A.D.

The two centuries and a half commencing with the time of Vikramaditya the Great (500 to 750 A.D.) may be called the Augustan era of later Sanskrit literature.



Kalidasa wrote his matchless dramas and poems in Vikramadity’s Court. The 9 gems of Vikramadity’s Court are (1) Kalidasa, (2) Bhiravi, was Kalidasa’s contemporary or lived shortly after. (3) Amara Sinha, the lexicographer, (4) Binabhatta, the Novelist, (5) Aryabhatta who was born in 476 A.D. and the founder of modern Hindu astronomy, whose work was published early in the 6th century, (6) Varaha Mihira, his successor, etc.

598 A. D.
Brahmagupta was born in 598 A. D.



600 A. D.
The unknown Author of ‘Surya Siddhanta’ also lived about the 6th century.

610 to 650 A.D.
Sildditya II, a successor of Vikramaditya ruled from 610 to 650 A.D. and is reputed to have been the author of Ratnavali, though the work was probably composed by an author of his court. Dandin, the author of Dasakumara Charita was an old man when Sildditya II reigned and Banabhatta, the author of Kadambari lived in his court. Subandhu, the author of Visvadatta also lived at the same time. It is believed that the Bhaktikavya was composed by Bhartrihari , the author of the Satakas in the same reign.

700 to 740 A.D.
Yasovarman ruled between 700 and 740 A. D. and the renowned Bhavabhakti composed his powerful dramas in this reign. Bhavabhakti, however, was the last of the galaxy of poets and literary men and no literary genius arose in India after the middle of the 8th century.


It was in the Augustan Era that the great National Epics of India received their last additions and touches and assumed their final shape and the voluminous Puranas began to be composed in their present shape.

500 to 750 A.D.
The brilliant period of two centuries and a half (500 to 750 A.D.) was followed by two centuries of impenetrable darkness. The history of India during this period is a perfect blank. No great dynasties rose to power, no literary or scientific men rose to renown, no great work of architecture or art was constructed in Northern India, giving rise to Feudal Power with a new race of Hindu Feudal Barons as the masters of India – the modern Rajputs. And captured power of the powerful Ballabhi or Sena Kings of Guzrat and Western India and they tried to oppose the progress of Sabaktagin and Mahmud in the Punjab. The 12 invasions of Mahmuds followed thereafter.



51/52 A. D.


St. Thomas, one of the 12 original disciples / apostles of LORD JESUS CHRIST visited India and established Seven Churches in the Malayalam speaking parts of South India, to spread the Good News, “God Loves you” as per the Bible to Humanity. It took root in Kerala within 20 years of the epoch making events in Jerusalem, the Crucifixion at the age of 32, Resurrection and Ascension of the Lord Jesus Christ. (AIR 1995 S.C.2001 at page 2011 )

2nd Century A.D.
Tiru Valluvar, a great Saint Poet, composed a Treatise par excellence on the ART OF LIVING called “THIRUKKURAL” in the form of 1330 Couplets, on 133 subjects of Life each containing 10 couplets, in Tamil literature of Antiquity, an Approach to Moral Doctrine of Human Psychology and Desire to help Imperfect Men in diverse fields with Practical Hints in the struggle against Evil.

4th Century A. D.
Chinese traveler Fahiyan wrote the book “History of Civilization of Ancient India”.
5th Century A. D.
Nalanda University was founded in Bihar, about 55 miles south-east of Patna. It is known as the ancient seat of learning where 2000 teachers and 10,000 students from all over Buddhist world lived.
788-820
SHANKARA born in Village Kaladi, in Kerala, wrote the Book called “Bhaja Govindham” containing 555 Brahma Sutras. It contains 31 Verses about Man’s futile pursuit of Wealth, his obsession with lust, hypocracy and lust. He called Man as “Moodamathe” – a Fool, tethering between Desires and Fears, all the doddering towards Death, only to tell them that in the end, Man is caught up in a ceaseless cycle of birth and death from which an escape is still possible. He propounded “Advaitha”. He died at the age of 32. Before that, “Yajnavalkya” declared “this self is Brahman” (Ayam Atma Brahma) and “Udalalka” declared “that thou art” (Tat Tvam Asi ). Shankara’s another famous book is “Vivekachudamani”. It contains 581 Verses.

750 to 950 A.D.
Shankara, the most determined foe of Buddhism was responsible for disappearance of Buddhism from India. Persecution and burning of Buddhist monasteries and books and the banishment of monks were witnessed between 750 AD and 950 AD.


1197-1276



MADHAV, (an epithet of Krishna), a Vaisnav Philosopher who advocated a system of dualist (dvaita) Vedanta. For him, the human soul is unique even in the state of moksha.


12th Century
A.D.

VARAHMIHIRAN started, for the first time, Astrology /Jyotish /Horoscope predictions based on the then planetary positions, and stated that his predictions would hold good for a period of 600 years and thereafter, his calculations will change depending upon the change in the planetary systems.

In 1288 &.1293
MARCO PALO, a Venetian Traveller visited the famous Pandya Kingdom, headquarted in the Madurai, South Tamil Nadu and left a vivid description of the land and its people and exclaimed that “The darkest man is here”, the most highly esteemed and considered better honest than the others, who are not so dark. Let me add that in every truth, these people portray and depict their Gods and their Idols black and their Devils white as snow. For they saw that God and all the Saints are black and the Devils are all white. That is why they portray them as I have described”
1311



























































1314

1323





1333




1336








1564 to 1612


1612 to 1634





1675






1600 to 1900











1916

ALAUDDIN KHILJI of Khilji dynasty sent his favourite slave general Malik Kafur to the Kingdoms of the South, not to expand the borders of Delhi Sultanate but to merely engage in a military treasure-haunt. Being a strong Saivite Sundara Pandyan was enraged by the destruction of the Hindu Temples by the invading Muslim armies. Sundara Pandyan assembled his armies and planned to march them at once to face the invading armies of the Delhi Sultante. This idea was, however, opposed by his brother Vira Pandyan who felt that taking a defensive position might be more advantageous. Sundara Pandyan did not heed his brother’s advice and ordered his army to march leaving Vira Pandyan to safeguard Madurai with his men. The Pandyan army managed to march well intact till Melaithirukattupalli. But their reliance on the river Kaveri as the water source turned disastrous as the river ran dry during the hot summer of 1311. The already exhausted Pandyan army planned to march west in search of nearby water source. Their speed of drastically reduced due to the general’s decision of marching on the dried beds of River Kaveri. Kafur’s forces on the other hand tactically planned on their ration and water supplies, met Sundara Pandyan much before Tiruchirapalli. The physically exhausted Pandyan infantry easily fell pray for the Sultan’s army. However, the Pandyan cavalry revived its attach on the Muslim cavalry. But the Muslim cavaliers were well armed with turcopoles and chain mail armours while Pandyan horsemen were inferiorly armoured and heavily relied on heavy swords. Tactical strikes by Kafur’s crossbow men over the Hindu cavalry followed by Muslim infantry’s attack blocked any possible retreat for the Sundara Pandyan’s army. The generas of Kafur’s army took Sundara Pandyan as captive and beheaded all others captured. A few Pandyan cavaliers managed to escapte to Madurai to report to defeat to Vira Pandyan. The victorious Sultanate went on plundering the Temples of Tirchirapalli and Srirangam.
The walled city of MADURAI was now left only with the Vira Pandyan’s men along with the aid from Maravars of Ramanathapuram. Their sole aim was to safeguard Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Temple and also yield time for the safe passage of women and children to the hilly regions of present day Kerala. Understanding the fact that they were largely outnumbered, the defender’s only hope is to delay their enemies long enough for them to negotiate. Kafur’s siege on Madurai continued for weeks, however, it turned futile as his army lacked any Ballistas or Trebuchets and relied on Battering Rams of inferior quality. On the other hand, continuous archery attack by Maravars and surprise cavalry attacks on the Muslim infantry during night times tremendously increased the casualties on Kafur’s side. Kafur lost about half of his army and then managed to breach the wall after weeks of siege. Vira Pandyan and his maravars still managed to hold the line, thus making Kafur to finally come down for negotiation. Kafur offered the following terms to Vira Pandyan :-
(1) Handover all the treasures belonging to the Meenakshi Temple and Madurai Treasury which included 96000 gold coins and precious stones.
(2) Half of the rice rationed inside the walls of Madurai.
(3) All the elephants and horses available with the Pandyas.

In return, Vira Pandyan was promised the release of his brother, Sundara Pandyan and safety of the idols in the inner sanctum of the Meenakshi Amman Temple.

Another expedition from Delhi Sultanate CE led by Khusroo Khan.

One more expedition from Delhi Sultanate CE led by Ulugh Khan. These expeditions led the already weakened Pandyas to confine around the small region of Tirunelveli and Syyid Jalal-ud-Din Ahsan was appointed Governor of the newly created southernmost Malbar Province of the Delhi Sultanate by Muhammed-bin-Tugluq.

Sayyid declared his independence and created Madurai Sultanate which was replaced by Vijaynagar Empire in 1378. Telugu Kamma Nayak Governors were appointed to rule Madurai. These Nayaks continued to govern Madurai until the arrival of British forces.

Vijaynagaram Empire was a South Indian Empire based in Deccan. Founded by Harihara-I and his sibling Bukh Raya in 1336, the empire prolonged upto 1646. The authority of the Kingdom declined in 1565 after a key military defeat by the Deccan Sultanates. Vijaynagar is in Karnataka and carnatic music was advanced as also temple constructions, Dravidian expressions, and Hinduism was promoted. Dravidian Movement was originated in several successive Social and Political Formations.

During Achuthappa Nayak’s reign, the Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by the Deccan Sultanates’ armies at the battle of Talikota.

Raghunatha Nayak / Tanjore Vijaya Raghava Nayak was ruling. Tanjore Nayak dynasty was ended by Chokkanatha Nayak of Madurai for not giving his daughter to him in marriage. Chokkanatha Nayak placed his brother Alagiri on the throne of Thajavur.


The Sultanate of Bijapur sent a force commanded by the Maratha general Venkoji (alias Ekoji) to drive away the Madurai Usurper. Venkaji defeated Alagiri with ease and occupied Thanjavur. He did not, however, place his protégé on the throne as instructed by the Bijapur Sultanate but seized the Kingdom and made himself King. Thus, ended the reign of Nayaks and the start of Maratha power in Thanjavur.

Thanjavur Nayaks were the rulers of Thanjavur Principality of Tamil Nadu. Nayaks were subordinates of the imperial Vijayanagara Empire, who divided Tamil Country into three Nayakships viz. Madurai, Tanjore and Gingi by Devappa Nayak.

Portuguese controlled the Nagapatinam territory as well as the Colombo Province in Ceylon and the entire West Coast of India. The King of Jaffna Kingdom went into war against Portugal against the methods adopted by the missionary conversions in Jaffna. Later King of Jaffna sought help from the Tanjore Nayaks in repelling Portuguese advances through many battles.

Dravidian Movement was originated in several successive Social and Political Formations. The earliest South India Welfare Association was established in 1916.



1304-1377
Siddis guaranteed safety on Indian Ocean.
In 1534
The first Europeans i. e. Portuguese acquired Island of Bombay from the King of Gujarat.
1550-1626
Malik Amber (Shambu) born in Harar (Ethiopia) came to India and ruled Bengal.

Earlier, Mogul Emperors invaded India because of some Hindu Kings in India, out of spite and jealousy against one another, helped foreign Invaders to capture India. At that time, there was no rule of law followed in India. Indians at that time were called ‘Hindus’. The word “Hindu” comprised of “Hin” means without knowledge plus “dhu” means less or weak.


Followed by collapse of the Mogul Empire which imposed Mohamedan Law in India, the Europeans i. e. the Portuguese acquired the Island of Bombay from the King of Gujarat.
In 1612
After the fight between two Trade Rivals i. e. the Portuguese and the British, the British established Surat Factory with permission of Moghul Governor who in 1615 issued a Firman, granting certain facilities. They were allowed to live according to their religion and laws. Englishmen did not cherish idea of being governed by the Mohamedan law, which was a personal and religious institution.


During reign of Jehangir, the Company’s representative set foot on Indian soil. Surat was considered as most suitable for starting a Factory. Surat was an importance commercial Centre and a good Fort in Moghul Empire.

19-2-1630
Bahujan Raja “CHHATRAPATHI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ” was born. CHHATRAPATHI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ ruled the country on the basis of “Sarvjan Hitay – Sarvjan Sukhai”.
In 1639
Madras nearby Village called “Madraspatnam” (BLACK TOWN) was founded on a piece of land on the eastern Coast from a Hindu Raja. Here, St. George Fort was built. Inside St. George Fort, grew the WHITE TOWN, a Settlement of British and Europeans. Madras included both the Black town and White town.

1639 – 1665
Administration of Justice was in an Elementary State.
1665 – 1686
Administration of Justice in the Second Period.
31-12-1660
East India Company was incorporated in England by a Charter of Queen.
In 1661
The Portuguese King transferred the Island of Bombay to Charles-II as ‘Dowry’ on marriage of his sister Princess Catherine with English King. At that time, Bombay was a small Fishing Village having a population of about 10,000.

In 1661
According to Stephen, English Law was made applicable to India and successively re-introduced in 1726, 1753 and 1774.

In 1668
The King of England transferred the territory to East India Company at an Annual Rent of 10 Pounds, finding it uneconomic to govern it. At that time, the King granted a Charter to the Company, conferring on it full powers, privileges and jurisdiction requisite for Administration, Legislation and Dispensation of Justice.

In 1670
The First Judicial System was established in Bombay. It consisted of two Divisions (i) Bombay, Mazgaon and Girgaon, (ii) Mahim, Parel, Sion and Worli. A Court consisting of 5 Judges was started in each Division. Custom Officer of each Division was an Englishman to preside over the Court.

1-8-1672
The Portuguese laws were abolished and English law was introduced. An Englishman as Justice of Peace was appointed as a Committing Magistrate in each of 4 Sections – Bombay, Mahim, Mazgaon and Sion to hold preliminary examination of witnesses against Accused and to Court which sat once a month. The Court dispensed justice according to reason and on actions of all persons.

In 1684
Admiralty Court under Charter of 1683 was started. Dr. John St. John learned in Civil laws was sent from England by the Company to preside in the Court as the Judge Advocate.
In 1690
Bombay was attacked by Mogul Admiral Siddi. His attack put an end to the Judicial System. Therefore, there was no Court established between 1690 and 1718.
In 1690
Calcutta was founded. Fort Williams was constructed there.
In 1698
The Company acquired Zamindari of 3 Villages called “Calcutta”, “Sutanati” and “Govindpur”. With this, the Co. secured the legal and constitutional status within the framework of the Mogul Administrative Machinery.


During the Mogul period, Zamindars of Bengal collected land revenue and maintained law and order within Zamindari limits.


Kazi’s Courts were functioning in each Village during Mogul Empire. Village Panchayat, District (Parganah), City and Appeals to Kazi of District and then to the Chief Kazi of Subah (Province).

When Mogul Administrative Structure started disintegrating and Nawab Authority weakened in Bengal, disintegration in the ranks of the Kazis set in, they became hereditary offices, and were even leased to highest bidders. Justice was not impartially enforced, it could be purchased by payment of money.


Appeals against decisions of Zamindar’s Courts who did not know principles of law, went to the Nawab’s Courts at Murshidabad. It was no better.

In theory, the highest Criminal Court was that of the Nawab as the Head of Nizamat and was responsible for Administration of Criminal Justice.

The Highest Civil Court was that of the Diwan who was the Head of the Diwani and was responsible for Collection of Land Revenue.

The Kazi administered Justice in Claims of Marriage, Inheritance and Succession. The Mufti, a learned Jurist helped the Kazi.

The Fozdar was a Police Officer who was to suppress serious crime. The Kotwal took into cognizance of petty criminal cases.

Thus, Administration of Justice was in a very poor shape when the British came to India.
1706
Marthanda Varma, Maharaja of Travancore-Cochin State, including the present day Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, was born as the son of the Junior Rani of Attingal, Rajah Rama Varma (as Raja of Venad). Sri Uttaradam Thirunal Marthanda Varma (born on 22-3-1922) is the present titular Maharaja of Travancore since 1991 and head of Travancore.

In 1718
A Court was established in Bombay. It consisted of a Chief Justice and 9 other Judges of which 5 were English. The 4 Indian Judges represented four principal Communities (1) Hindus (2) Mohamedans (3) Portuguese Christians and (4) Parsis. The Court was required to pay due regard to caste, custom and laws of England.


Appeal went to Governor-in-Council. Governor-in-Council had Black Judges.

So there was some differentiation between Governor-in-Council and the Government and the Court was no completely identified with the Executive.

Governor-in-General could alone award CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Punishment was awarded for an indefinite period i.e. “during pleasure”. “Whipping” was most common punishment. 39 lashes was the common standard which was repeated twice or thrice in serious cases. Please see the trial of Raman Kamatti.

In 1726
Vide a Charter, wide legislative powers were given to the Company. Provision was made for Appeal to Privy Council. The Privy Council Act was abolished later on.

Madras Presidency was set up first in India.
In 1726
English law was held to be introduced in India and there is no question of re-introduction on subsequent dates. Advocate General of West Bengal v. Ronee Surnomoyee Dosee, (2 MIA, 386 in Appeal). At the time when the English law was introduced by the Statute of 1726, altogether different people with a different social structure, such as, the English, the French, the Portuguese, the Armenians, the Jews, native Christians, Parsees, Hindus and Muslims were living in India. The law was to be applied selectively and discriminatingly.


The controversy became highly relevant in connection with the Brahmin Nandakumar Dewram’s case. The Supreme Court of Calcutta had convicted Nandakumar Dewram under the English statute of 1728. It was argued that the 1728 statute was not applicable to India and therefore, trial of Nanda Kumar and conviction under the Act would be bad in law. On the other hand, if English law was introduced either 1753 or 1774, the trial would be valid in law.

In 1756

Nawab ‘Siraj-ud-Daula’ attacked British and captured Calcutta.
In 1757.

The British re-captured Calcutta under Robert Clive.


In 1757
The BATTLE OF PLASSEY was fought and Nawab was defeated. The Company which became Owner appointed a Puppet Nawab to administer the nearby areas so as to avoid jealousy of French and Portuguese.

In 1764
BATTLE OF BUXAR

In 1765
Mogul Emperor “SHAH ALAM” granted Diwani of Bengal to the Co. at an annuity of Rs.26,00,000/- to the Emperor. The Co. used to keep itself balance revenue collection and as such, the Company became a DE JURE STATUS of an Official of the Mogul Emperor.


-
Nawab and Diwan was appointed by Emperor to hold office in a Subah (Province ) “DURING HIS PLEASURE”. The Nawab was the Head of Nizamat, which included Military, Maintenance of Law and Order, and Administration of Criminal Justice, whereas Diwan to collect revenue and to administer Civil Justice and to send balance revenue to Central Treasury.

_______
During the downfall of Mogul Empire, Nawab of Bengal assumed an independent status and Diwan became just his Nominee

In 1769
Governor Verelst appointed Company’s servants as Supervisors of Districts.

In 1771
Bengal faced a very acute FAMINE

In 1774
A Supreme Court was established in Calcutta with English Judges Lawyer aided by an English Bar.


In 1774
Nandakumar Dewram, a Brahmin, was hanged against “Manusmriti” that no Brahmin can be punished even if he commits serious crime like murder against his fellow human beings.

1780-1781
Reforms were introduced by Warren Hastings.

In 1786
Cornwallis came to India as Governor-General.

In 1787
Scheme was introduced by Warren Hastings for separation of Judiciary and Executive by division of Revenue and Judicial Functions.


In 1787
Scheme was introduced whereby Collector’s power of Revenue and Judicial powers were merged together.


In 1790
Scheme was introduced by Cornwallis to reform Criminal Law.


In 1793
Scheme was introduced by Cornwallis to reform Administration of Justice.

1816






Letter from Gen. Malcolm to the Secretary of the Board of Directors, confirming that the Bombay Army was composed of all Classes and all Religions like Hindus, Muslims, Jews and Christians.

11-12-1816
Memorandum of approval between British Govt. and Nepal.

Prior to 1818
The social status of Mahar Community under the rule of the Peshwas of Maratha Country was low during which time un-touchability was practiced.


1-1-1818
The crowning glory of Parwaris (Mahars) of Maharashtra who were more than the Rajputs, was achieved on the hot and parched battlefield of Koregaon against PESHWA BAJI RAO II who was threatening the British garrisons at Kirkee and Poona. The Maratha Army led by their able general Gokhale was dominating the British from all sides.


1826
Gallant Battle at Kathiawar by Mahars.




1831
Ram Mohan Roy who stopped Sati in India and Founder of Modern India went to Britain as Ambassador for the Mogul Empire. He taught not to just accept and tolerate but to celebrate “Diversity”


27-9-1833
Ram Mohan Roy died in Bristol, London of Meningitis. He was a visionary, thinker and a social reformer.


1843
The Bombay Army took part in the First and Second Afghan Wars and the Battle of Meeanee.


1849
Gallant Battle at Multan.

1850












Bengal’s Brahmins started Congress. Chairman was a retired IAS Officer. Slowly Bal Gangadhar Tilak became President. At that time, Rajarshi Sahuji Maharaj was alive and said SC, ST, should also be given Representation in Politics. Tilak started opposing. Bhaskar Jadhav said, if I go to Kolhapur, Sahuji Maharaj, also a body builder would beat him up. So Tilak went to border area Kolhapur viz. Adri Village and spoke. “Tel, Tamboli, Kun Vargo ko Vidhi Mandal mem jake, kya hal chala na hai, Teli ko tel nikalna hai, Mali ko phool thodna hai ?. At that meeting Sant ‘Gadge Maharaj was there and Tilak asked him to speak a few words. Sant ‘Gadge Maharaj replied “ Me Chucklo, Lachare varsha kapade dhonewala kya bhashan karoo ? Tilak Maharaj, “Hamara pan Brahman banwa. “

-8-1856 to 20-9-1928
In August 1856, a child (Sree Narayana Guru) was born in a humble cottage in the pretty hamlet of Chempazhanji, Kalady, near Trivandrum in Kerala. This marked a Social Revolution in South India. He became a great sage and the most revolutionary Social Reformer, the Kerala has ever produced. According to him, there is only one God, one Caste, and one Religion. In other words, “man should improve irrespective of religion he may belong to”.
The background of social conditions in which he was born was an accursed land of caste tyranny, though Kerala is reputed for natural beauty and richness of life. Kerala was a lunatic asylum as Swami Vivekananda branded it. The non-caste Hindus, the “Avarnas” were groaning under the terrible weight of social, economic, religious and political oppression imposed upon them by caste Hindus or “Savarnas”. Not only temples of god but temples of learning were also shut against them by twin weapons of “Untouchability” and “Unapproachability’. They had to toil hard for their caste Hindu masters with hardly any reward. They had to suffer multitudes of disabilities that broke the very back-bone of their lives.
Numerically, Ezhavas or Thiyyas” are the largest non-caste Hindu community in Kerala. Narayanaguru was born in this community. His parents “Madan Asan” and “Kutty Amma’ called him endearingly “Nanu”. At the age of 5, he began his education in a neighbouring school under the old “gurukulam model”.
Narayanaguru later became a disciple of a great Sanskrit Scholar “Raman Pillai Asan” of Puthupally in Central Travancore. He came to be known as “Nanu Asan”. From boyhood, Narayanaguru had an ascetic bend of mind. Due to parental pressure on the threshold of his youth, he undergone ceremonial of a marriage. But he never had a married life. His mind was always agitated by a spiritual urge, so he and his spiritual fellow “Chattampi Swami” became disciples of the then Superintendent of British Residency, Trivandrum, “Ayyavu” who taught Narayanaguru, Yoga. At the age of 23, Narayanaguru left his family, renounced the pleasures of this world and wandered about “avadhutta” or mendicant, keeping his body and soul together by the alms he received from all sorts of people. Soon human eyes detected the “Sanyasin” and devotees began to gather around Narayanaguru at Aruvippuram, the Seat of his meditation. He shed light on to the world of darkness. He began his crusade against Social Inequality and other Iniquities. Against the monopoly of Brahmins, for the first time, in 1888 A.D., Narayanaguru consecrated a Shiva Temple in Aruvippuram and inscribed in Malayalam and declared that – “This is the ideal place where all live in full harmony without distinction of caste or prejudice of creed.”
Narayanaguru’s teachings inspired Ezhava community who started their own Temples like caste Hindus who denied them earlier. He established a multitudes of Temples in Kerala, such as Vaikkom, Kulathoor, Kovalam, Chirai, Koorkalcheri, Perumkottukara in Ernakulam, Tellichery, Kannur and Calicut in Malbar area, Mangalore etc. In 1912, Narayanaguru dedicated a Temple to “Sharada,” Goddess of learning at Varkala. He made vast changes in traditional rituals and ceremonies. He started Murukumpuzha temple near Trivandrum in 1922 with words written “TRUTH, DUTY, KINDNESS, & LIVE.” Installation of a Mirror for worship in the Temple at Kulavancode, Chertala as per his teachings that “MAN SHOULD FIND HIS SALVATION NOT IN LIFELESS DEITIES BUT IN HIMSELF BY DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF HIS INNER SELF”.

Long before the Temple Entry Proclamation of the Travancore Govt. in 1936 whereby the Govt. Temples were thrown open to all Hindus, the Temples of Narayanaguru became asylum for worship of all the aboriginal inhabitants sons-of-the-soil of the Prabhudh Bharat and Arogiya Rakshaks (Protectors of the Lives of All Beings) without discrimination of caste or creed.

Narayanaguru was a true rishi who lived with people and for the people. He knew that WITHOUT PROVIDING MATERIAL COMFORTS, IT IS FUTILE TO HOLD OUT THE ILLUSION OF SPIRITUAL HAPPINESS TO THE STARVING AND SUFFERING MILLIONS. So he conducted a veritable Campaign to eradicate the material disabilities of the downtrodden sections of Hindus. In 1903 Dr. P. Palpu, a devotee founded a Social Organization “s.n.d.p.” (Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam). Kumarana Asan poet, the peerless pioneer among modern Malayalam poets, is secretary to sndp. In 1928, he started a Dharma Sangha. In 1921, he delivered his eternal message – “ONE CASTE, ONE RELIGION, ONE GOD FOR MANKIND”.

His disciple K. Ayyappan started Sahodara (Brotherhood) Movement in Cherai to eradicate caste system by promoting intercaste marriage and inter-dining against opposition by his own community also. He conducted a mammoth campaign to create a Casteless Society.

Narayanaguru did not attempt to found a new religion but propounded “UNIVERSAL GOODNESS”. He started two ashrams at Varkala and Alwaye with educational institutions attached to them, which are centes of purity and universal fraternity.

Narayanaguru was a profound Thinker, a great Seer, and a born Poet. He was a great Scholar in Sanskrit and Tamil.

In 1923, Gandi visited him. Narayanaguru told him his feeling to eradicate caste system root and branch, which culminated in an All Religious Conference in Alwaye in 1924. On 20-9-1928, Narayanaguru physically disappeared from the planet of Earth.

1856
The Bombay Army took part in PERSIAN WAR.

After 1857
Indian Independence Struggle started, the Crown resumed the Government of India.


In 1858
Act gave powers to Governor-General-in-Council .

In 1860
Criminal Procedure Code was applied for all subjects including Brahmins and Death Penalty imposed for murder.


1860
The Soldiers of Bombay Army went to China.

Until 1862
Parallel System of Courts continued, one for local Hindus, Muslims etc. as per local laws and the other Adalats (Diwani) in Mofussil areas.

In 1862
High Courts were established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras

1865
The Soldiers of Bombay Army went to Aden.


1867
Soldiers of Bombay Army went to Abyssinia.


----
Sir Charles Napier of Magdala commanded 25th Bombay Native Infantry and conquered Sind.

26-6-1874

Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj was born. He was the first Institutor of Bahujan Reservation Policy. He continued the legacy of Phule. He was the first King to implement Reservation Policy – the Pillar of Social Democracy. He died on 6-5-1922.

1880
Gallant Battle at Kandahar.

16-4-1880
Major Sidney James Waudby fell in defence of the Dabrai Post in Afghanistan.


1887-1920
S. A. Ramanujan, one of India’s greatest Mathematical geniuses, was
born on 22-12-1887 in Erode, Tamil Nadu (died on 26-4-1920). He
contributed to Analytical Theory of Numbers and worked on ecliptic
functions, continued fractions and infinite series.


1878-1895
Second Afghan War with Mahar Soldiers under Command of Sep. Sonnak Tannak who won renown as recorded on the tablet erected on the Waudby Road in Bombay.



2-10-1869
Mr. Mohanlal Karamchand Gandhi was born at Porbandar (Sudamapuri) to Karamchand Gandhi alias Kaba Gandhi and Putlibai.


17-9-1879 to 24-12-1973
E. V. RAMASAMY NAICKER (Thantai Periyar), “a Kranti Surya” was born in a wealthy merchant family of Venkata Naicker and Chinnathayee Ammal at Erode in Tamil Nadu. ‘Thantai Periyar’ was a great Nationalist and Revolutionist. He emphasized “Communal Representation” in the political power of India. He started ‘Dravida Kazhaham’ Party on 27-8-1944. In 1925 Thantai Periyar described “Congress Party as a Den of Brahimins” As an example to others and as a first step towards abolition of caste system from India National Society, he voluntarily decided to drop his surname “Naicker” from his name as the surname of a person is invariably used as a weapon to perpetrate caste system in India.

Once, Thantai Periyar reached Kaasi (Varanasi) a noted sacred town of Hindu Pilgrimage on the bank of the river Ganges. There he could not get free meals easily at Choultries which exclusively fed Brahmins, forbidding other Hindu castes. After starving, some days, an yound Periyar found no other way, than to enter a Choultry with appearance of a Brahmin wearing a thread on his bare breast / chest. But his moustache betrayed him. So the gate keeper not only prevented Peiyar’s entry but also pushed him rudely to the street. Periyar was surprised to read at the moment of unbearable burning hunger, the letters written on a Wall there the Truth that the Choultry exclusively occupied by the Highest Caste viz. Brahmins, had been built by a wealthy merchant of Dravidian Race from Tamil Nadu. This infuriated in the heart of Thantai Periyar at the Aryan Race and their creation of innumerable Gods.

Though Kaazi is acclaimed by Brahmins as a sacred town, the worst ugly scenes of immoral activities, such as prostitution, cheating, looting, begging crowds for alms, floating dead bodies on the river Ganges turned Thantai Periyar to abhor the town and a re-thinking on his renounciation led him to return to his family life.

Thereafter Thantai Periyar started selfless Social Service. He was made the Hon. Magistrate by the British Govt. He held many Hon. Positions like the President, Secretary, the Vice President, etc. in 29 Public Institutions, such as District Board, Taluk Board, Urban Bank, Davasthanam (Religious Trust), Public Library, War Recruitment Committee, Association of Agriculturists, Association of Merchants, Mahajana School Committee etc.

Pulavar Marudhaiya Pillai at Karur was Thantai Periyar’s friend Scholar. He appreciated Thantai Periyar’s logical arguments and condemnation of Hindu Philosophy / Religion , caste system, deceptive myths in the Epics and Vedic Sasthras spread by the Brahmins. Tamil Scholar Sage Kaivalayam and many higher officials like P. V. Manicka Naicker admired Erode Beacon for his progressive views. Against stiff protest of orthodox family members, Thantai Periyar arranged re-marriage of his sister’s daughter who became a child Widow at the age of 9.

Thantai Periyar was a Congress Leader between 1919 and 1925. His basic philosophy was ALL MEN AND WOMEN SHOULD LIVE WITH DIGNITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP THEIR PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND MORAL FACULTIES by putting an end to all kinds of unjust discriminations and to promote Social Justice and Rational Out-look. For this, he advocated Communal Representation and demanded Reservation for Non-Brahmins and Minority Communities as a sine-qua-non of removing injustices.

He picketed toddy shops, boycotted shops selling foreign cloth, encouraged use of khadi, and fought for eradication of untouchability. Thantai Periyar joined Indian National Congress under Gandi in 1919. In 1922, he moved a Resolution in Tamil Nadu Congress Committee at Tirupur that ALL CASTES SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENTER AND WORSHIP IN ALL TEMPLES AS A MEASURE TO END BIRTH BASED DISCRIMINATION. Brahmin members of the Committee cited untenable authority of Vedas and other Hindu scriptures, opposed the Resolution and stalled its passage. This provoked Thantai Periyar to declare that he would burn MANU DHARMA SASTHRA, RAMAYANA ETC. to show his disapproval to accept such scriptures to govern the Social, Religious and Cultural aspects of the people of India.

Thantai Periyar supported his Opponents when they implemented his Socio-Economic Cultural Revolution in 1923 and formed Hindu Religious Endowment Board with a view to put an end to age-old monopoly and exploitation by the upper castes in the management of Hindu Temples and Religious Endowments.

Thantai Periyar’s vigorous and spirited role in the VAIKOM SATYAGRAHA (1924-25) continued in no mean measure for the triumph of that First Historic Social Struggle in the History of Modern Indian National Society. This paved the way for the untouchables to use Public Roads without any inhibition and for other prospective Egalitatian Social Measures.

It was Thantai Periyar’s firm conviction that Univeral Enjoyment of Human Rights will become a reality only when Varna-Jaathi (Caste System) is eradicated. Until the social reconstruction took place, he wanted Communal Representation as a measure of affirmative action to uphold Social Justice. So he tried every year from 1919 to make the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee to accept the Policy of Reservation to different Social groups and Communities. But his efforts bore no fruit in this regard. Finally, he left the Congress in November 1925 at Kancheepuram Conference and parted company with Gandi because Gandi was not prepared to put an end to the Brahmin domination and to fight against caste system.


14-4-1891
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar, M. A., Ph. D., D. Sc., LL.D. (Collumbia ), D. Litt (Osmania), Barrister-at-Law, a Dalit Icon, was born at Mahu ( Madhya Pradesh) to a lower Untouchable Caste poor Family of Subhedar Ramji Sapkal and Mrs. Bhimabi Ambedkar.


-11-1900
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar entered Govt. High School of Satara.

1904
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar entered the Elphinstone High School at Bombay


1906
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar married to Ramabai d/o Mr. Bhik Walangkar one of the relations of Gopal Baba Walangkar


1907
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar passed Matriculation Examination.

-12-1912
A son Yeshwant was born to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.


1913
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar passed B. A. Examination with Persian and English from University of Bombay.


-7-1913
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, a Gaikwar’s Scholar in the Columbia University, New York was reading in the Faculty of Political Science.

5-6-1915
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar passed M. A. Examination, majoring in Economics and with Sociology, History, Philosophy, Anthopology and Politics as the other Subjects of Study.

1916
Mr. M. K. Gandhi returned to India from South Africa.

1917
Columbia University conferred a Degree of Ph. D. on Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar


-7-1917
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar was appointed as Military Secretary to His Highness the Maharaja of Gaikwar of Baroda.

-11-1918
Dr. Bahasaheb Ambedkar was Professor of Political Economy in the Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics, Bombay.


1914-1919
Period of First World War.

1920
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started Kranti at the age of 25.

23-3-1920
Chhatrapathi Sahuji Maharaj of Kolhapur addressed a gathering of Untouchables and said “ you have found your Saviour in Ambedkar. I am confident that he will break your shackles. Not only that, a time will come when, so whispers my conscience, he will shine as a Front Rank Leader of all India fame and appeal.”

------
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar described Mahatma Jyotiba Phule as “the greatest Shudra of Modern India. In the lower classes of Hindus, conscious of their slavery to higher classes and who preach gospel that, for India, social democracy was more vital than independence from foreign rule.

-1917
Dr. Ambedkar obtained LL.D. from Columbia University for his thesis “National Dividend of India”.


-9-1920
Dr. Ambedkar rejoined the London School of Economics and Gray’s Inn to read for the Bar.

-6-1921
Dr. Ambedkar obtained D. Sc. in Economics from London School of Economics for his thesis on “Provincial De-Centralization of Imperial Finance”.


In 1922
Dr. Ambedkar completed his thesis “Problem of Rupee” its Origin and its Solution” as against Dollar / Pound. See his writing “Administration of Public Finance”.


-6-1924
Dr. Ambedkar started to practice law in the Bombay High Court.


20-7-1924
Dr. Ambedkar founded “BAHISHKRIT HITKARINI SABHA” for the uplift of the Depressed Classes with a view to educate, organize and agitate for their Right to Equality and Individual Dignity.

1925
RSS was founded by Dr. Keshav Baliram Hegdewar, a Nagpur Doctor, with an aim to unite Hindus.


1926
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was nominated as Member of the Bombay Legislative Council.

20-3-1927
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started Satyagraha at Mahad Dist. Kolaba) to secure to the Untouchables the Right of Access to the Chavdar Tank.


-9-1927
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar established “Samaj Samata Sangh”.


-3-1928
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar introduced the “Vatan Bill” in the Bombay Legislative Council.

-6-1928
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was appointed as Professor in Govt. Law College, Bombay.


1928-29
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was a Member, Bombay Presidency Committee of the Simon Committee.


-3-1930
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started Satyagraha at Kalram Temple. Nasik to secure for the Untouchables the Right of Entry into the Temple.


1930-1932
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the Delegate in the Round Table Conference in London representing the Untouchables of India
25-9-1932
Babasaheb Ambedkar signed with Mr. M. K.Gandhi the Poona Pact, giving up, to save Mr. Gandhi’s life, separate electorates granted to the Depressed Classes by Ramsay Mac Donald’s Communal Award and accepting, instead Representation through joint electorates.


1932-34
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was a Member in the Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Indian Constitutional Reform
1932
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. left Panel, Damodar Hall, and came to stay in “Rajagriha”, Dadar, Bombay in order to get more accommodation for his library which was increasing day by day.

-6-1935
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was appointed as Principal of the Government Law College, Bombay. He was also appointed Perry Professor of Jurisprudence.


13-10-1935
Historical Yeola Conversion Conference held under the Presidentship of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar at Yeola Dist., Nasik. He exhorted the Depressed Classes to leave Hinduism and embrace another religion. He declared, “Unfortunately, I was born as a Hindu, but I will not die as a Hindu”. He also advised his followers to abandon the Kalram Mandi Entry Satyagriha, Nasik.


-12-1935
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. Babasaheb Ambedkar was invited by Jat Pat Todak Mandal of Lahore to preside over the Conference. He prepared his historial speech “The Annihilation of Caste”. The Conference was cancelled by the Mandal on the ground that Dr. Ambedkar’s thoughts were revolutionary. Finally Dr. Ambedkar refused to preside and published his Speech in Book form in 1937.


1934-1942
Period of Second World War.


29-2-1942
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s Conversion Resolution was supported by Chambers (Cobblers) of East Khandesh.


30-5-1936
Bombay Presidency Conversion Conference (Mumbai Elaka Mahar Panshad) of Mahars was held at Naigaum (Dadar) to sound their opinion on the issue of conversion. Mr. Subha Rao popularly known as Hydrabadi Ambedkar presided over the Conference. In the morning the Ascetics shaved their beards, moustaches and destroyed their symbolds of Hinduism in an Ascetic’s Conference.

15-6-1936
Conference of Devadasis was held in Bombay to support Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar ‘s Resolution of Conversion.


23-6-1936
Matang Parishad in support of Conversion.
15-8-1936
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar founded The Independent Labour Party.


11-11-1936
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar left for Geneva and London.


1934
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar organized the “Municipal Workers Union”, Bombay.

17-2-1937
The First General Elections were held under the Government of India Act, 1935. Dr. Ambedkar was elected Member of Bombay Legislative Assembly (Total Seats 175. Reserved Seats 15. Dr. Ambedkar’s Independent Labour Party won 17 Seats).


17-3-1937
The Mahad Chowdar Tank case was decided in favour of Depressed Classes by which they got a Legal Right to use the Public Wells and Tanks.


In 1937
In most places, Musalman won in the elections, so Hindus thought whether they will get any chance to rule.


-1-1938
The Congress Party introduced a Bill making a change in the name of Untouchables i. e. they would be called “Harijans” meaning Sons of God. Dr. Ambedkar criticized the Bill as in his opinion the change of name would make no real change in their conditions. He protested against use of term Harijans in legal matters. When the ruling party by sheer force of numbers defeated the ILP which group walked out of the Assembly in protest under his Leadership. He organized peasants march on the Bombay Assembly. The peasants demanded the passing of Dr. Ambedkar’s Bill for abolition of Khoti System

-8-1938
A meeting was held at R. M. Bhat High School, Bombay for exposing Mr. Gandhi’s attitude in disallowing a Depressed
Class man being taken into Central Ministry.

-9-1938
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar spoke on Industrial Disputes Bill in the Bombay Assembly. He bitterly opposed it for its attempt to outlaw the Right of Workers to strike. He said if Congressmen believe that Swaraj is their birthright, then the Right to strike is the birthright of the Workers.


29-1-1939
Kale Memorial Lecture of Gokhale School of Politics and Economics, Pune, reviewing critically the All India Federation Scheme set out in the Govt. of India Act, 1935. The speech was issued in March 1939 as a tract for the times under the title “Federation v/s. Freedom.”


-10-1939
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Nehru first meeting

-5-1940
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar founded the “Mahar Panchayat”.

22-7-1940
Netaji Subash Chandra Bose met Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

-12-1940
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar published his “Thoughts on Pakistan”. The second edition with title “Pakistan or Partition of India” was issued in February 1945. A third impression of the book was published in 1946 under the title “India’s Political, what is what: Pakistan or Partition of India.” Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar published his “Thoughts on Pakistan”. The second edition with title “Pakistan or Partition of India” was issued in February 1945. A third impression of the book was published in 1946 under the title “India’s Political, what is what: Pakistan or Partition of India.”

-1-1941
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar pursued issue of recruitment of mahars in the Army. In the result, the mahars Battalion was formed

25-4-1941
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar formed Mahar Dynast Panchayat Samiti .


1941
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was appointed to sit on the Defence Advisory Committee.


-4-1942
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar founded the All India Scheduled Castes Federation in Nagpur.


20-7-1942
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar joined Viceroy’s Executive Council as a Labour Member.


-1943
As Labour Minister under British, Dr. Ambedkar started 8% reservation to SCs, STs. Article 340 was incorporated in the Indian Constitution under which 15% reservation to SCs and 7.5% reservation to STs given. Gandhi spoke “reservation is only for gaining independence and not in the assets of the country

-1946
Crisp Mission came to India. Earlier Simon Commission was sent to India to conduct a survey the socio-economic positions of various communities in India, but Gandhi did not allow him to conduct the survey by agitating - “Simon Commission go back”.

15-3-1947
Mr. M. K. Gandhi submitted to Assembly a Book titled “States and Minorities” written by Dr. Ambedkar.


15-3-1947
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was elected from Faridkot in Pakistan and spoke to the Assembly. Babasaheb was also elected from Jassur, Kurla in East Bengal where 85% were Hindus. So Congress gave West Bengal portion i. e. East Bengal to Pakistan. Babasaheb, however, said that I will not make Constitution for Pakistan because my people are in India. So after vacating Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. Jaykar from Pune, Babasaheb went to Constituent Assembly.


--------
Settlement reached between Dr. Ambedkar and Mr. Gandhi pursuant to which Dr. Ambedkar became Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee.


15-8-1947


India achieved independence from British. Thantai Periyar described independence as a transfer of power from the white to black.

-8-1947
Sahitya-ratna Annabhau Satte wrote that :-
“AZADI JHOOTA HAI,
DESH MEM LOK BHOOKA HAI”.
30-1-1948
Mahatma Gandhi was shot by a miscreant.


____
From Comparative Study of Religion, Dr. Ambedkar could say that two personalities could captivate him. They were “Christ” and “Buddha”.


4-10-1948
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar presented the draft Constitution to the Constituent Assembly, incorporating enough provisions to transform India into a CASTELESS, CLASSLESS, EGALITARIAN SOCIETY (SAMTAMULAK SAMAJ VYAVASTHA) for “SARVJAN HITAY – SARVJAN SUKHAI”.


20-11-1948
Constituent Assembly adopted Article 17 of the Constitution for abolition of Un-touchability.


26-11-1949
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar addressed the Constituent Assembly and the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution26 -11-1949 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar addressed the Constituent Assembly and the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution

26-11-1950
The Constitution of India which contains the Fundamental Right to Equality guaranteed to all its citizens irrespective of caste, creed, sex, place of birth, etc. – Social, Economic and Political, came into force. As a result, all the previous Laws, Enactments, Rules, and Regulations and Notifications, Customs, Usages and Practices which were prevailing prior to 26-11-1950 and which are contrary to or inconsistent with or in derogation of the welfare and fundamental provisions of the Indian Constitution became null and void, not justiceable, and are of no legal effect whatsoever and howsoever.


5-2-1951
As Law Minister, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar introduced Hindu Code Bill.

9-9-1951
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar resigned from Nehru Cabinet because Nehru announced that he will sink or swim with Hindu Code Bill.


-1-1952
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar fought the first Lok Sabha Elections but was defeated by Congress Party Candidate N. S. Kajrokar.


-3-1952
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was introduced in Parliament as a member in the Council (Rajya Sabha) States, representing Bombay.


-4-1953
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar contested By-election from Bhandara Lok Sabha Constituency with the Symbol “ELEPHANT” but was defeated by Congress Party Candidate Mr. Haribhau Borkar.


14-10-1956
Dr. Ambedkar changed his religion and embraced Buddhism at Nagpur with about 5 lakh disciples.


6-12-1956
Dr. Ambedkar died. His last message was – “Tell my people, whatever I have done, I have been able to do after passing through crushing miseries and endless problems”. According to
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, M.A., Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D. (Columbia), D.Litt., (Osmania), Barrister-at-Law, a multi faceted personality, a Scholar, Researcher, an Agitator for and Emancipator and Valiant Fighter for the Poor and Deprived and Women, a Crusader against the Caste System in India, an elder Statesman and an Indian National Leader, a Fearless Journalist, and a Reformer of rare caliber, an Economist and Contributor, substantially to the formulation of Post War Economic Development Plan in general and Water Resources and Electric Power Plan Development, “RESERVATION IS NOT BEGGING BUT A HUMAN RIGHT”.

He has been honoured with Bharat-Ratna, India’s highest civilian Award given for the highest degree of national service. He fought against system of invaders of the great Prabhudh Bharat, Untouchability, Unapproachability and the Indian Caste System. He published Journals, advocating political rights and social freedom for India’s untouchables. He was a Socio-Political Reformer. He was the first person to take English Education, first Law Minister, because of his profound understaning of India’s history and mediculous research into India’s ancient democratic traditions that India today is a Democratic Republic with one of fairest and most equitable Constitutions of the World. He passionately believed in the freedom of the Individual and criticized equally orthodox casteist Hindu Society and exclusivism and narrow doctrinare positions in Islam.

He criticized the Indian National Congress and its Leader Mahatma Gandhi, whom he accused of reducing the untouchable community to a figure of pathos. He was also dissatisfied with the failures of British rule, and advocated a political identity for untouchables separate from both the Congress and British. At a Depressed Class Conference on August 8, 1930 Dr. Ambedkar outlined his political vision, insisting that the safety of the Depressed Classes hinged on their being independent of the Govt. and the Congress both.

We must shape our course ourselves and by ourselves xxxxx. Political power cannot be a panacea for the ills of the Depressed Classes. Their salvation lies in their social elevation. They must cleanse their evil habits. They must improve their bad ways of living xxxx. They must be educated xxxxxx. There is a great necessity to disturb their pathetic contentment and to instill into them that divine discontent which is the spring of all elevation.

Dr. Ambedkar was invited to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London in 1931. Here, he sparred verbally with Gandi on the question of awarding Separate Electorates to untouchables. A fierce opponent of Separate Electorates on Religious and Sectarian lines, Gandi feared that Separate Electorates for untouchables would divide Hindu Society for future generations.

When British agreed with Dr. Ambedkar and announced awarding of Separate Electorates, Gandi began a fast unto-death, while imprisoned in the Yeravada Central Jail of Pune in 1932. Exhorting orthodox Hindu Society to eliminate discrimination and untouchability, Gandi asked for the political and social unity of Hindus. Gandi’s fast provoked great public support across India and orthodox Hindu Leaders, Congress Politicians and Activists such as Madan Mohan Malaviya and Pawlankar Baloo organized joint meetings with Dr. Ambedkar and his supporters at Yeravada. Fearing a communal reprisal and killings of untouchables in the event of Gandi’s death, Dr. Ambedkar agreed under massive coercion from the supporters of Gandi to drop the demand for Separate Electorates and settled for Reservation of Seats. Dr. Ambedkar was later to criticize this fast of Gandi’s as gimmick to deny Political Rights to the untouchables and increase the coercion he had faced to give up the demand for Separate Electorates.

Who were Shudras ? Dr. Ambedkar attempted to explain the formation of the Shudras i. e. the lowest cast in hierarchy of Hindu Caste System. He also emphasized how shudras are separate from untouchables. Hindu civilization xxxxx is a diapolitical contrivance to suppress and enslave humanity. Its proper name would be infamy. What else can be said of a Civilization which has produced a mass of people xxxxx who ae treated as an entity beyond human intercourse and whose mere touch is enough to cause pollution ?

Dr. Ambedkar criticized child marriage in muslim society and mistreatment of women by Islam. He condemned caste practices carried out by muslims in South Asia. He was critical of slavery in muslim communities. Evils of polygamy and concubinage as a source of misery to muslim women. Every one wants that Islam must be free from slavery and caste. While slavery existed, much of its support was derived from Islam and Islamic countries. While the prescriptions by the Prophet regarding the just and human treatment of slaves contained in the Koran are praiseworthy, there is nothing whatever in Islam that lends support to the abolition of this curse. Even if slavery has gone, caste among musalmans (muslims) has remained. Muslim society is even more full of social evils than Hindu Society is and criticized Muslims for sugarcoating their sectarian caste system with euphemisms like “brotherhood”. Arzal classes are treated as degraded and oppression of muslim women society through the oppressive purdah system. While purdah was practiced by Hindus, it was sanctioned by Religion in Islam. He criticized their fanaticism regarding Islam on the grounds that their literalist interpretations of Islamic doctrine made their Society very rigid and impermeable to change. Indian Muslims have failed to reform their Society unlike Muslims in other countries like Turkey.

Both the groups of Hindus and Muslims in a communal malaise, ignore the urgent claims of social justice.

Ambedkar’s second wife “Savita Ambedkar” was born as a caste Brahmin. Her name before marriage was “Sharda Kabir”.

“Waiting for a Visa” (of 1935-36) and “Autobiographical work” “Untouchables” or Children of “India’s Ghetto” referring to 1951 Census, are amongst other writings of Dr. Ambedkar.

While Gandi seems to have preferred Village like, Dr. Ambedkar encouraged migration to cities, sharing of food, inter-caste marriages. However, practice of marriage within the same caste and voting along caste lines remain even today.

Due to the parasites of Corruption, Favoritism and Nepotism, ever-growing Population, practices of Child Labour due to acute poverty and continued economic injustice, Hunger and Starvation Deaths, Adult Unemployment, Child Marriages, Discreet forms of Discrimination, Ignorance, Superstition, Blind Faith imposed by religious dogmas without any scientific inquiry and hard-work, Casteism even within the economically oppressed Classes themselves, such as Discrimination against the “Bhangi’ under-Castes by the Dalits, Non-implementation or Faulty implementation of the Fundamental and Mandatory provisions of the Constitution for achieving its purpose and goal, Concentration of Wealth and Economic Resources of the country in a selected few hands, etc., Reservation in India has failed to reach the affected 85% majority Bahujan Samaj Population of the Indian National Society. So, economically poorest of the poor sections of the Indian National Society are disenchanted with the so-called affirmative actions and their lop-sided implementations because their castes, classes or communities are not among the selected few. Reservation has benefited the Creamy Layer or Upper Classes of the favoured Castes, Classes and Communities only. This has given rise to 2006 OBC ruling by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. For the suffering millions of the Indian National Society, the British were more even-handed between the so-called Castes, Classes or Communities and that continuance of British rule would have helped to eradicate many an evil and inhuman practices from the Society by a proper implementation of Democracy, Rapid Industrialization and Scientific Knowledge for abolition of “casteism”, “economic poverty” and “unemployment” tooth and nail.

Even after Nehru’s tryst with destiny of Indian Democracy for the last over 62 years’ of rule, after independence, 30% of Christians live economically below poverty line and members of Upper Class of the same Christian Community could not and cannot do anything because of their active involvement in Religious Dogmatism. The poorer Christians are stated to live with an average of Rs.20/- per day. It is said that Christians of all about 75 Denominations in India account for a mere 2.36% of the total population. Often they land up in menial jobs for want of Reservation in employment under the State. Christians as a community lag far behind in Politics and do not take interest in safeguarding their equal political rights and freedom. It is said that more than a population 83 crores, out of 1.2 billion population in India, live with the same average means of money. The Upper Class Christians
simply remain in centuries’ old Feudal Dark days of like Italy, Spain and some other Countries where the Inquisition stifled free thinking and scientific temper and progress, growth and Industrial Development, thereby creating scope for unemployment and remaining in poverty, as compared to the Industrialized Nations like England, France and some other European Countries. All scientific ideas which were not consistent with the Bible were regarded as crimes e.g. the theory of Copernicus which stated that the Earth moved around the Sun and not the Sun around the Earth. The Church persecuted the greatest Scientists with blind cruelty, burning them at the stake (e.g. Bruno) torturing them (e.g. Galileo), and forbidding or destroying their works. As recently as in 1925, the teaching of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution was forbidden in the State of Tennessee in USA and a teacher John Scopes was tried in the famous ‘Monkey Trial’ for teaching that theory. For centuries the Church in Europe played an extremely reactionary role and fought pitilessly against the scientific conception of the World and against the Democratic Movements.

6-12-1978
After demise of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, to fulfill his unfinished Dream, Manyawar Kansiram Ji, a Valmiki by caste and a body builder, started BAMCEF. He premised on the principle of “Pay back to Society”. Become a Brain, Bank and Money Generator. To create a genuine and capable Leadership. He created a new Missionary Political Conscience – a Non Political root for success of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s political action and vision. He revived and consolidated earlier struggles. He built up Bahujan Movement of earlier Liberates, Saints and Gurus. He was a founder of Formula of 85% and 15%. He brought Dalits to center stage in Indian Politics. He was a believer in “Bahujan Concept”. He hated politics of ‘Daliting’. According to him, “Power is the product of struggle”. Bahujan Samaj should become a Giver/Donor and not Receiver. Sarva Samaj or Bahujan Samaj of 85% should unite by breaking the 15%’s shackles of casteism.


6-12-1981
Hon’ble Kansiram started DS4 (Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sanghrsh Samiti)

24-12-1973
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy died at the age of 95. He once said that according to Manuwadi or Brahmanyawadi, a Dalit or ‘Shudra’ means a person who is born out of a prostitute. There are five enemies of a Dalit and they are (1) Dev, (2) Dharma, (3) Congress, (4) Gandi, and (5) Brahmin.

14-4-1984
Hon’ble Kansiram started Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) with the aim of fulfilling the Phule-Sahu-Ambedkar Ideology. BSP is to fulfill the unfinished Dream of the principal Architect and Bharat-ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar to transform India into a Casteless, Classless, Egalitarian Society (Samtamulak Samaj Vyavastha ) based on its policy of “Sarvjan Hitay – Sarvjan Sukhai” strictly in accordance with the mandatory provisions of the Indian Constitution and the Rule of Law i. e. Fundamental Right to Equality guaranteed to all the citizens of India including the poorest of the poor amongst them – Social, Economic and Political, irrespective of caste, creed, sex, place of birth, etc.

24-12-1979
Tanthai Periyar E. V. Ramasamy who emphasized the need for equal rights or COMMUNITY RESERVATION / PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION died at the age of 95. According to him, ‘God’ is a figment of imagination of the mankind. God does not give birth to any daughter or son. God does not have to take birth or to die (for it is written in certain un-wholly books that ‘Rudra’ is born out of the physical relationship of God (Indira) with his own daughter). One who has created God, for the first time, is a Fool; One who is propagating about God with a view to fill his own Stomach or Belly, is a man of bad character; One who is worshipping God is equal to a prostitute; and One who has invented, for the first time, concepts like ‘Soul’, ‘Heaven’, ‘Hell’, etc. is a wicked man, and One who keeps faith in all these is a doer of bad deeds out of his unquestioned and blind faith and is more dangerous, superstitious and ignorant than a ‘Shudra’ who is hitherto believed by Manuwadis to be born of a prostitute. Instead, one should treat all his fellowmen as an equal to him and work for the welfare of the entire Human Society. One who does not do any social work for the betterment of the human Society is nothing more than an animal or beast. Even an animal does not kill or murder another one of its own folk or variety whereas a criminal man might be tempted to attempt to cause harm or kill his own brethren.

14-4-1984
Hon’ble Kansiram started BSP with the aim of fulfilling the Phule-Sahu-Ambedkar Ideology. BSP is to fulfill the unfinished Dream of the principal Architect and Bharat-ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar to transform India into a Casteless, Classless, Egalitarian Society (Samtamulak Samaj Vyavastha ) based on its policy of “Sarvjan Hitay – Sarvjan Sukhai” strictly in accordance with the mandatory provisions of the Indian Constitution and the Rule of Law i. e. Fundamental Right to Equality guaranteed to all the citizens of India including the poorest of the poor amongst them – Social, Economic and Political, irrespective of caste, creed, sex, place of birth, etc.


6-12-1983
to
15-3-1984
Manyawar Kansiram Ji did Cycle March from Kargil, Puri, Kohima, Kanyakumary and Porbunder.


18-9-2003
Manyawar Kansiram transferred the charge and affairs of the BSP to Behenji Kum. Mayawati Ji, B. A., B. Ed., LL.B, as its National President, after imparting training her for 25 years under him. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar used to say – “Organize under one Leader, one Party and one Programme”.


9-10-2006
Manyawar Kansi Ram Ji died, leaving his Bahujan Samaj Party.



The present National President of the Party BSP viz. Sister Mayawati who is the political heir and successor of late Manyawar Kansiram Ji is interested in the welfare of BSP and above all in the welfare and well being of the members of the public belonging to Sarva Samaj including Savarna Samaj in India, especially to SCs, STs, OBCs, Dalits converted to Christianity and Dalits converted to Islam and other Religious Minorities
(RMS) including THE POOREST OF THE POOR among them who constitute about 85% of the total population of India in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution and the rule of law.

With a view to attain the objective of Samtamulak Samaj Vyavastha in the Indian National Society, Sister Mayawati, as the 4th time Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, India, has introduced, for the first time ‘RESERVATION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR’ as a step to achieve parity in economic justice. One day she will be remembered as “Mother of Reservation in Niji Shetra’.

SHRI T. M. NADAR
B. COM., LL.B., DCL.(GLC.,Mum.)
ADVOCATE, HIGH COURT, BOMBAY